Pinwormis a frequent guest in children's groups. This is a medium-sized inhabitant (up to 1 cm in length) of the small and large intestine, lays eggs, leaving the rectum, on skin folds, underwear and bedding. This happens most often at night, accompanied by severe itching in the anus. Pinworm eggs mature after 4-6 hours and are ready to cause disease, they are perfectly stored in the environment. They enter the human body with dust, with dirty hands, through soft toys, underwear, dishes.
Making a diagnosis - it is necessary to scrape the skin around the anus and the examination obtained under a microscope, at least 3 times at 3-day intervals.
When pinworm eggs are found, the entire family of the infection should be examined.
Around 350 million people in the world are infected with enterobiasis, when one family member is infected, the danger of the disease for all families is very high.
Toxocara - a parasite
Toxocarais a parasite of the digestive system of dogs. In the United States and Europe, 80% of puppies and over 50% of adult dogs have toxocariasis. Human investigations have shown that up to 37% of the population is sensitized to the Toxocara antigen. This means that these people were or are now carriers of toxocara.
Toxocara is up to 30 cm long, in this form it lives in the body of its permanent owner - a dog. The dog releases toxocar eggs into the sand, into the soil, where they can persist for several years. With sand they fall into the hands of children who play in sandboxes and also stick to shoes and clothes. Getting into a person is a dead end for the parasite, because the larvae mature, spread through the vessels and internal organs, but do not stand out.
To make a diagnosis, stool analysis is not at all informative, a biopsy of the affected organs (usually the liver) and immunological tests are required.
The most tragic is the drift of toxocar in the eye (from 15% of the cases of eye removal in the world is due to toxocara), injuries of the lungs, heart, brain and muscles are also unpleasant: fever, cough, enlarged liver, inflammation of the lymph nodes, rash, nervous and mental disorders, convulsions.
Ascaris: a parasite
Ascaris- affects up to 100 million people per year. It enters a person with food (usually raw herbs, vegetables and fruits), with raw water, dirty hands, dust and is actively carried by flies. The length of the nematode is up to 40 cm, a female nematode secretes up to 200, 000 eggs daily, which enter the soil and are well preserved for years. The ingested nematode egg turns into a larva in the small intestine, then penetrates the intestinal wall, enters the blood capillaries, is transported to the liver, brain, eyes, heart and lungs. In the process of movement, nematodes feed on blood - erythrocytes and nutrients. Anemia (anemia) is a frequent companion of ascariasis.
The migration of the larvae causes allergies in humans, pain throughout the body, fever, increased risk of asthma, arthritis, neurodermatitis, eczema, convulsions. If it enters the lungs due to the rupture of blood vessels, hemorrhages and hemoptysis are possible, on X-rays - infiltrates, as in a tuberculous process.
Moving along the bronchi to the pharynx, sputum nematodes enter the mouth and from there into the esophagus, stomach and intestines. In the intestine, the roundworms are held, resting against the walls of the intestine, causing inflammation, infiltration and bleeding. Complications are possible when the nematode enters the sinuses, liver, bile ducts, pancreas and kidneys. There are intestinal obstruction, suppurative processes in the abdominal cavity. Diagnosis is based on stool analysis (at least 3 times), immunological tests - in the larval period.
Hookworm - a parasite
Hookworm- can enter a person through the skin when walking barefoot (leaves no traces), as well as, like the nematode, through the mouth. Hookworm size - up to 1. 5 cm, migrates and harms in the same way as the nematode. One feature is a symptom such as an itchy rash in the limbs and more pronounced anemia.
Stool analyzes, as with most invasions, should be performed at least 3 times.
Wide tape - parasite
Tapewormis a large long liver,the length of an individual is up to 10 meters, the life span in the human body is 25 years.Can you imagine what happens to a person if there are many such great centenarians inside?
Imagine how the worm is coiled in the intestine, how little space remains in the lumen of the human intestine! If the worm "straightened up", half of its length would be left out! By the way, the worm absorbs all the necessary and useful substances for itself from the entire surface of the body.
You can get infected by eating raw and insufficiently salted fish, shrimp and caviar. Symptoms of the presence of a tapeworm can be anemia, exhaustion, abdominal pain, especially signs such as increased salivation in the morning, vomiting, nausea, weakness, lethargy, drowsiness. Bowel obstruction is possible.
A completely stunning effect on an unprepared person is produced by the release of the severed "tail" of the parasite from the intestine - this is a feature of the tapeworm that helps make a diagnosis.
Bovine and porcine tapeworms are parasites
Bovine and swine tapeworms are parasites that enter the human body with raw meat, meat products, lard.
The length of an adult bovine tapeworm is up to 7 meters, that of a swine tapeworm is up to 2 meters, the lifespan is up to 20 years and the main danger is in the migration of the larvae, whichthey are able to penetrate into the eyes and brain as well.
Echinococcus and Alveococcus - parasites
Echinococcus and alveococcus are parasites that a person becomes infected by contact with animal carriers, drinking contaminated water, swallowing soil with berries and vegetables.
The larvae of the intestine are carried by the bloodstream throughout the body, entering the liver, lungs, kidneys, bones and brain. The larva turns into a cyst, which grows by pushing and compressing the surrounding tissues. Symptoms depend on the location of the cyst and the degree of compression of the organs.
Rupture of the cyst is a very serious complication.
Giardia - a parasite
Giardiais the simplest parasitic animal of the class of flagellates. It is pear-shaped, 10-20 µm long; the dorsal side is convex, the ventral side is concave and forms a suction cup for temporary attachment to the epithelial cells of the host intestine. 2 oval nuclei, 4 pairs of flagella. It lives in the human intestine (mainly in children), mainly in the duodenum, less often in the bile duct and gallbladder, causing giardiasis. Asymptomatic parasitic carriers are common. Cyst infection occurs when protozoa enter the lower intestine through the mouth when contaminated food or water enters the body, as well as through dirty hands, etc. The incidence is sporadic. Giardiasis is common in all parts of the world.